INTERCHAIN BRIDGE
Basic Interchain Transaction Lifecycle
Basic Interchain Transaction Lifecycle
1. User Initiates Action
A user triggers an on-chain transaction on a zone chain (e.g., DeFiChain, Partisia or Polygon) — such as transferring tokens, submitting a proposal, or interacting with a bridge. This initiates a multi-chain intent, which is captured by a registered Interchain operator.
2. Operator Prepares Partial Block
The operator (e.g., Crypto Factor Bridge) splits the transaction into logical execution parts — for example:
Lock tokens on the source chain
Release tokens on the destination chain
These are submitted to the partial chain mempool, ready for processing.
3. Oracle Layer Fetches and Merges Mempools
The Oracle Layer, a distributed network of Nodes, collects partial blocks and submits them to the Interchain master mempool on Partisia Blockchain.
It includes:
Zone chain block hashes
Transaction proofs
Execution metadata
This step ensures all zone data is traceable and cryptographically verifiable.
4. Master Chain Proposes a Block
The Interchain Master Chain (on PBC) compiles a proposed block that includes all valid partial chain transactions.
This block:
References zone chain IDs
Includes Merkle roots of validated execution parts
Sets up a unified state view for all connected chains
5. Validation & ZK Signing
The proposed block undergoes multi-layer validation:
EVM block verification
Zone consensus checks
Master chain validation
It is then signed using MPC-ZK signatures, ensuring zero-knowledge proof of validity without exposing sensitive details.
6. Master Block is Finalised
The now signed and validated master block becomes the latest state of the Interchain.
It is:
Immutable after confirmation threshold
Stored on PBC
The source of truth for all zone chains to derive execution updates
7. Oracle Commits Partial Blocks Back to Zone Chains
Using Merkle proofs and ZK signatures, the Oracle Layer commits finalised Partial Blocks to their respective zone chains.
Each commitment includes:
Block hash of the master chain
Proof-of-finalisation for the partial block
Timestamp and execution queue triggers
8. Execution Queue is Triggered
Each zone chain activates its execution queue, which reads the confirmed execution parts and processes them:
Token releases
Governance updates
State changes
Reverts are also handled if conditions were unmet or invalid.
9. Operator Updates Protocol State
Operators update smart contract states to reflect the finalised transaction result. This could include:
Emitting events
Updating balances
Triggering follow-up actions in the protocol logic
10. User Receives Confirmation
The user’s wallet or interface reflects the result — such as tokens received or action confirmed — completing the cross-chain transaction cycle.
All steps are executed trustlessly, without central relayers or third-party dependencies.
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